Sample Papers ExaMailExam Booster Home



Class
PHYSICS
XII

IMPORTANT TOPICS


ELECTROSTATICS

1. Conservation and quantization of electric charges
2. Electric Forces between two charges placed in vacuum/medium.
3. Electric Field Intensity & electric potential due to a high charge.
4. Electric Field Intensity & Electric potential due to an electric dipole at a point on the axial line/equatorial line.
5. Force and charge acting on an electric dipole placed in an electric field.
6. Work done in rotating a dipole in an electric field - from a stable to unstable equilibrium position.
7. Potential Energy stored in a system of charges.
8. Statement of Gauss's law.
9. Electric Field Intensity due to (i) a thin sheet of charge (ii) spherical shell of charge (iii) Principle, construction and working of a Vande Graff, Generator.
10. Capacitances of capacitors in series and parallel.
11. Capacitance of an air cored/electric cored parallel plate capacitor.
12. Energy and energy density stored in a capacitor.

CURRENT ELECTRICITY

1. Relationship between (i) current & drift velocity (ii) drift velocity and electric field (iii) Potential drop and current (iv) Resistance and temperature
2. Factors affecting the resistance/resistivity of a wire.
3. Resistance of resistors in series and parallel.
4. Statement of Kirchoff's Laws.
5. Wheatstone bridge - balanced condition of a wheatstone bridge.
6. Determination of resistance/resistivity using a meter bridge.
7. Determination of the internal resistance of a cell(/E1/E2) of two primary cells.

Heating and chemical effect of an electric Current

1. Power and Energy consumed by a resistor.
2. Calculate cost of electricity.
3. Specifications of a fuse wire/electrical heater.
4. Faraday's Laws of electrolysis.
5. Construction and working of a simple Voltaic cell, Daniell cell, Lechlanche cell, dry cell, lead Accumulator, charging and discharging.

MAGNETIC EFFECT OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT

1. Statement of Boit Savart's Law.
2. Determination of magnetic field due to a current carrying (i) straight conductor (ii) circular coil (iii) solenoid.
3. Force on a current carrying conductor/charge in a magnetic field.
4. Force and Torgue on current carrying coil in a magnetic field.
5. Motion of a charged particle in an electric/magnetic field
6. Construction, principle and working of a moving coil galvanometer. Importance of a radial field. Conversion of a galvanometer into an ammeter/voltmeter.
7. Constructor, principle and working of a cyclotron.
8. Force between two parallel straight wires carrying current definition of a one Ampere.

MAGNETISM

1. Elements of the earth's magnetic field - angle of dip, angle of declination, earth's horizontal component.
2. Differences between dia, para & ferro magnetic substances.
3. Principle, construction and working of a tangent galvanometer.
4. Factor affecting the reduction factor of a tangent galvanometer.
5. Principle, construction, setting and working of a vibration magnetometer.
6. Comparison of (i) magnetic moments of two magnets of the same size/mass/unequal mass and size (ii) earth's horizontal field at two places.

IMPORTANT FORMULAE

1. Force in vacuum = Kq1q2/r 2 where k = 9x10 9 Nm2 c –2

2. Force in medium = Kq1q2/Kr 2 where k as the dielectric strength

3. Electric Field due to a point charge = Kq/r2

4. Electric Field due to a thin sheet of charge = s /2Eo

5. Electric Field due to a spherical shell of radius R of charge at pt inside the shell = 0

Electric Field due to a spherical shell of radius R of charge at pt outside the shell =Kq/r2

  1. Potential difference V B-V A = òA BE.d where E > R = 4pe o (1/rB – 1/rA )
  2. Potential Energy U = qo ( VB - VA )
  3. Electric Field E = -dv/dt
  4. Torque in a dipole of dipole momentum placed in an Electric Field e = ME Sin f ,M=dipole moment
  5. Energy stored in a dipole placed in an Electric Field U = ME (Cos f i – cos f f )
  6. Capacitance C = q/v
  7. Equivalent capacitance in series c = 1(1/c 1 +1/c 2 + 1/c 3) + ........ )
  8. Equivalent capacitance in parallel c = c 1 + c 2 + c 3 +.....
  9. Capacitance of an air cored parallel plate capacitor Co = Eo A/d.
  10. Capacitance of a dielectric cored parallel plate capacitor c = EoA/(d-t(1-1/Et))

Where t< d

  1. Energy stored in a capacitor W = ½ QV = 1/2 CV² = Q²/2C
  2. Energy density in a capacitor = U = ½ Eo
  3. Electric Flux f = òE.ds = EA cos f
  4. Current I = Q/E (steady current) i = dq/dt (varying current)/Q=Thermal Power
  5. Other law V = iR ; i = neAvd vd drift velocity.
  6. R =P/ L/A = m L/ne²Ae & R 1 = R (1+ a t) where = m/ne² e
  7. Current in a simple circuit i = net emf offered by the circuit (E)/total resistance of the current (R)
  8. E = i (R + U) /U=internal resistance

  9. Power developed across the resistor P = I² R = IV = V²/R
  10. Power supplied by the cell = Ei
  11. Power dissipated inside the cell = I²r = i (E-V)
  12. Current density J = E where J = i/A & =E /e
  13. Drift velocity Vd = eE/m = e V/mL
  14. Comparison of the emf’s of two cells by a potentiometer E1/E2 =L1/L2
  15. Internal resistance of a cell r = I1 = I2)R/I2
  16. Equivalent resistance in series R = R1 + R2 + R3 .....
  17. Equivalent resistance in parallel R = 1/(1/R1 + R2 + R3. ......)
  18. Unknown condition of a wheatstone bridge p/q = R/S
  19. Heat produced across a resistor = IVT = V²t/R = I²RT Joules
  20. For a thermo couple n = i + c/2 & Thermoelectric power P = dE/dt
  21. Mass of the substance deposited in electrolysis in = Zit & m1/m2 = E1/E2
  22. Eq/m = E/Z = F, 1F = 96500 C.
  23. Magnetic field due to a straight conduct B = oI (cos Q 1 – cos Q 2 )/4 a at the centre B = u o Ni/2a
  24. Field due to a circular coil on its axis B = u o id²N/2(x² +d²)3/2
  25. Field due to a solenoid B = uoni
  26. Force on a straight current carrying conductor in a magnetic Field F = Bi L SinQ
  27. Force on a moving charge G a magnetic field =GVB sinQ
  28. Force per unit length between two parallel current carrying wires I/r = uoi1i2/2a
  29. Lorent = force F/r = qE + q(V x B)
  30. ò B`. dl= m I
  31. torque on a current carrying coil in a magnetic field= BANi sinq = mbsinq `
  32. Magnetic moment=NiA
  33. Conversion of galvanometer into ammeter=R=IGG/I-IG
  34. Conversion of galvanometer into voltmeter R=V/IG –G
  35. Cyclotron formulae Bqv= mv²/r ; f=Bq/2P m; Ke=b²q²R²/2m
  36. EV =1/2mv² motion is an electric field

  37. Torque on a magnetic dipole in a magnetic field t =pBsinq
  38. Work done in rotating the dipole of dipole moment p is U=pB(cosq i -cosq d )
  39. Earth’s field h=Bcosj V=Bsinj tanj =V/H & B=V²+H²
  40. Tangent galvanometer m 0 Ni /2a H tanq
  41. Reduction factor K=2aH/ m 0 N
  42. Vibration Magnetometer
    1. T=2p I/Mh M- magnetic moment, I- moment of inertia

Comparison of magnetic moments of two magnets of equal mass and size

b M1/M2=T1²/T2²

c H1/H2=T1²/T2² comparison of the magnetic fields at two places

d M1/M2=T1²+T2²/T1²-T2² comparison of magnetic moments of two magnets of unequal size and mass symbols have their usual meanings