a) Distinction between Democracy in Greece and modern Democracy.
b) Significance of right to Vote
c) Grounds for criticism of the principle.
d) Distinction between, and merits and demerits of territorial and functional representation.
e) Merits and demerits of simple majority and proportional representation
Description of the Hare System.
f) Various methods of minority representation.

a) Composition, powers and functions of Election Commission.
b) Election Procedure.
c) Weaknesses in the system and electoral reforms to curb malpractices.

 

a) Role played by political parties.
b) Classification of political parties: one party, two party, multiparty and Duverger's classification.
Role played by the opposition.
c) Public opinion:
1] Meaning
2] How different agencies influence opinion
3] Factors conditioning the working of interest groups and distinction between pressure groups, interest groups and lobbies.

a) Nature of the Party System in India, with special emphasis on dominance of the Indian National Congress; Elections in 1977; Politics after 1989.
b) Factors giving rise to regional parties.
c) Manifestoes of last elections with emphasis on main programs of major parties.
d) Interest Groups in India:
1] Names of some interest groups based on traditional factors.
2] Business interest groups and their impact.
3] Role played by trade unions and their nature
4] why it is impossible to organize peasants into union in India.

a) Composition of these bodies in rural and urban areas.
b) Sources from which they derive revenue to perform their functions.
c) Functions they perform.
d) Reasons for the failure of Panchayati Raj Institutions.
e) The 73rd and 74th constitutional Amendment Acts.

a) Reasons for the prevalence of inequality, illiteracy, population explosion, regiona imbalances, linguism, communalism, casteism, regionalism, violence and separatism.
b) Definition, nature and how they pose a threat to national integration.
c) Methods / Remedies to curb them.

a) Comparison of planing in India with model prevalent in the former Soviet Union.
b) Composition and functions of the NDC(National Development council).
c) Composition and functions of the Planning Commission.
d) Objectives of Planning.
e) Accomplishments of Planning / Critical evaluation of Planning.
f) Composition and Functions of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Commission.
g) Constitutional provisions and laws.
h) Various schemes that aim at development of S.Cs. and S.Ts

a) Non alignment:
1) Historical perspective and goals
2) Relevance of NAM in the present context.
3) Positive and Negative Features of Indian's Relations with Bangladesh, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Russia and the USA.
4) SAARC: Composition, goals and achievements.
5) India's contribution in UN efforts to maintain peace(peace-keeping operations).
6) India and Human Rights, Disarmament and the New International Economic order.